In the Kassena-Nankana West District of Ghana’s Upper East Region, agriculture is the backbone of the local economy, engaging over 68% of the population. Farmers here cultivate crops like millet, sorghum, rice, groundnuts, and leafy vegetables. However, the region’s reliance on rain-fed agriculture makes it particularly vulnerable to climatic variations.
Over the past four decades, farmers in Northwest Ghana, including those in Kassena-Nankana West, have faced severe intermittent droughts. These droughts have led to significant crop failures, reducing food availability and threatening household food security. The unpredictable rainfall patterns have disrupted traditional farming calendars, making it challenging for farmers to plan and sustain their livelihoods.
In response to these challenges, the Ghanaian government, with support from international partners, has implemented irrigation projects like the Tono Dam in the Kassena-Nankana District. The dam, operational since 1985, provides irrigation to approximately 2,490 hectares of land, enabling year-round cultivation of crops such as rice, soybeans, and tomatoes. This initiative has improved food production and provided a buffer against the adverse effects of drought.
Despite these efforts, challenges remain. The expansion of irrigation infrastructure is limited, and not all farmers have access to these resources. Moreover, the region’s soils are generally poor, and the cost of inputs for improved farming practices can be prohibitive for smallholder farmers.
This case underscores the critical need for comprehensive strategies that combine climate-resilient agricultural practices, infrastructure development, and support for smallholder farmers to enhance food security in vulnerable regions.
Takeaway: Addressing agricultural challenges in drought-prone areas requires integrated approaches that bolster resilience, ensure equitable access to resources, and support sustainable livelihoods.